Urology /
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A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. It is most commonly caused by bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli (E. coli), which enters the urinary tract and multiplies. UTIs can lead to symptoms such as a burning sensation during urination, frequent urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and pelvic discomfort.
UTIs are classified based on the affected area: Lower UTIs (Cystitis – bladder infection, Urethritis – infection of the urethra) and Upper UTIs (Pyelonephritis – kidney infection). They can also be categorized as uncomplicated UTIs, which occur in otherwise healthy individuals, and complicated UTIs, which are associated with underlying conditions like kidney stones, diabetes, or weakened immunity.
UTI diagnosis relies on symptoms, urine tests (urinalysis, urine culture), and sometimes imaging studies. Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, but excessive use can lead to resistance. Home remedies like increased water intake and cranberry supplements may help but are not always effective in severe infections. Additionally, recurrent UTIs require further investigation to rule out anatomical abnormalities or other underlying conditions.
A doctor should be consulted if symptoms persist beyond a few days, if there is high fever, back pain, or blood in the urine, indicating a possible kidney infection. People with recurrent UTIs, pregnancy, or existing health conditions should seek prompt medical attention. Additionally, mental health therapists may be consulted if UTIs are recurrent due to stress, anxiety, or sexual health concerns affecting overall well-being.
