Urology /
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Male infertility refers to a man's inability to achieve pregnancy with a fertile female partner despite regular unprotected intercourse for a year or more. It can result from low sperm production, poor sperm motility, abnormal morphology, blockages in reproductive pathways, hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, or lifestyle influences.
Male infertility can be classified into several types, including:
Pre-testicular Causes: Hormonal or systemic disorders affecting sperm production, such as hypogonadism.
Testicular Causes: Conditions like varicocele, infections, genetic disorders, or environmental toxins that impair sperm production or quality.
Post-testicular Causes: Obstructions in the sperm transport system, such as vasectomy, infections, or congenital absence of the vas deferens.
Idiopathic Infertility: Cases with no identifiable cause despite thorough evaluation
A male fertility assessment, including semen analysis, hormone testing, and genetic screening, helps diagnose underlying issues and guide treatment. However, current testing has limitations in detecting all functional sperm abnormalities, and some cases remain unexplained.
Men should seek a urologist’s evaluation if they experience persistent infertility, erectile dysfunction, low libido, pain or swelling in the testicles, a history of infections or surgery affecting reproductive organs, or any concerns regarding sperm health. Early intervention can improve outcomes through medical, surgical, or assisted reproductive treatments.
